Flying-machine.



S. BORMAN.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLIOATION FILED MAY 24, 1910; v

PatentedJune25, 1912 'A1-TURN EY.

S. BORMAN.-

` FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION 'FILED MAY 24, 1910.

Patented June 25, 1912.

' 6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wiwi

ATTDRN'EY.

S. BORMAN.

' 4FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 19'10.

Y Patented June 25, 1912.

INVENTCJFR ,/9

ATTEIRNEY WITNESEE'.

S. BORMAN.

FLYING MACHINE. A APPLICATION FILE D MAY 24A 1919.

1,030,803; y Patented Jun@ 25,1912.

a SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESEES. H

TATTDENEY.

s. BQRMAN. f FLYING MACHINE. AYPLIOATIGN FILED MAY'24, 1910. A y 11,03%8030 A PatentedjJune 25,1912.

6 SHBE'TSQSHEBT 5,.

Wl T 5155155.

ATTURNEY.

frati Sra u orrion.

I SYDNY BORIVIAN, OFMTTLEBOR, MASSACHUSETTS. l

FLYING-MACHINE..

i ,ososoz-i.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 25, 1912.

Application .filed May 24, 1910. Serial No. 563,046.

To all whom 'it 'may concernr .lle it known that. I, SYDNEY BonMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Attleboro, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful. Improvements in Flying- Machines, of which the following is a specification. I j

My invention relates to that type of flying machines wherein the structure isl supported by the cooperation of one or more planes with a mechanical propulsivc agent, and

controlled by theangles of incidence of auxiliary planes.

The essential objectsof my invention are to provide an improved means for maintainl'ing the equilibrium of the machine; to pro- I vide ra naturally operative conveniently lochine: to render the machine ycapable of fa` cated and-effective device for operating the guiding, controlling, and elevating means; to facilitate thev initial liftingof the macile disassemblage or ready conversion into either a nioiioplane. or a biplane; and toatf tain these ends in a strongand light structure. l

My invention consists in the construction,

combination, and mode of operation of parts set forth in and falling within the scope of the claims hereto appended.

In the accompanying drawi :3, are side, front end, and rear end elevations respectively of a machine embodying the various features of my invention inthe preferred form, Fig. 4, a plan of the saine with parts broken away, Fig. 5, aperspeo tive diagrammatic view ofthe controlling device and its-connections, Fig. 6, a fragiiieiitary view of one of the end frames, Figs. 7, 8,' and 9, detail views ofthe brace joints, F igs. l0.. and ll, detail views of thc l hangers, Fig. l2, a side elevation of my inachine when assembled asa biplane, Figs. 13, 14, l5, and 1G diagrammatic,views of the arm operating connections, and Fig. 17,a detail of a sta-y hook.

y The power supporting frame work of my machine may be of any form of construction suitable for carrying the several details otinechanisni, the main planes, and auxiliary planes. In the form thereof herein shown it consists essentially of hangers l, in thisinstance four in number, carry-l ing'` wheels Q, in their lower ends, and there connected by rods 4f. Through perforated its forward end.

ngs which form a part of this specification, Figures 1, 2,*and` lugs 5 upon the hangers passloosely arched endsupports T sustained by springs 8 (le-.-

from `thetloor l2 to the archedportion of y the support. An angular standard Q0 is located upon the ioor in advance of the first standard, and journaled in these standards is a propeller shaft 22 inclined upwardly to-' ward its rear, carrying the propeller blades and a sprocket wheel 24, connected by a chain 25 to a second sprocket wheel QGupon the shaft 27 driven by the power plant 15.

1 Attached to -an intermediate port-ion of the ro'd 18 are angular braces 30 and 3l connected at their apexes by a horizontal braeeBQ. For a purpose lateito be detailed it Yis desirable `that.l these braces be capable of being lseparated into theirconstituent parts,therefor.e, they are constructed as follows, reference being had particularly to Figs. l, 7, 8, 9, l0 and 1,1. The frame 30 comprises the rods and 34. Fixed in the top of each rod is a loopor eye loosely inclosing the brace 32 wherethe loops'are held Iby removable pins 36 in the brace, as shown in Fig. 9. The lower ends of the rods 33, 34 are tubular and, as shown' in Fig. S provided with openings 35.j The tubular ends are slid over inclinedprojections 37 fixed to or integral with the rod 18 as shown in Fig. 7. -ln the present instance the projection is provided with an integral ring 3S brazed to the rod. The member 37 also has perforations 39 adapted` to register with the perforations 85. Thedescribed parts are united by pins 40 passing through the openings and 37. One of these pins is shown inserted in Fig, 8. Two other projections 42 similar 'to those already described ,are located intermediate the members 37 for a use hereinafter referred to. Upon the lower portion of each rod 3?) a lug ell. as shown in Fig. S, provided with a `lateral pin 4 5. Just foiwvard of each rod Si on the rod 1.8 is

. further supported in lugs -66 upon the rod a like `lug 46 provided with a latera'l-pini47 similar to pin 45, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. A member 49, similar in details to the member' 46, 47 is fixed to the rod 18 adjacent the real-most member 42. AUpon the rod 11 in vertical alinement respectively .with the member 49 and forward member 42 are .jxed

v membersA 51 and 52 similar in detailjpt'gf the member 49. e 'v Mounted -upon an intermediate portion of the described framework are two'v main planes indicated in a general way as 54-eX-' tending laterally from both sides o f the frame.' These planes are similar in all respects and a description of' one will serve for both. It willbe further understood that if preferred a singlebroad'plane may .be em-A ployed in place of two planes.Y Each plane similar sections V57 of the usual material and planes 54 are upwardly inclined in a 'forward direction. The bodies of the planes are Ifurtherjsupported by stays certain of which are identied asv 62, preferably con# verging in the shanks of hooks 63 .shownV in Fig. 17 adapted to engage eyes 63fupon the frame. In the drawings'are shown stays for,

sustaining-,the various extended portions of the machine but. are not herein numbered and' described, since the arrangement and number of the same are a matterfof choice and 'form no part of the present invention.

The-frame ofrmy machine includes rods 64 diverging laterally and inclined upwardly and forwardly, fixed to the floor 12.

In their outer ends is journaled 'a shaft 65 18, and iXed to which is a vertical lever 67.

, Also fixed to each side of the center of the Y shaft 65 is a horizontally disposed oblong elevating plane 68. Similarly inclined rods 7G extend rearwardly from the floor l2 and carry the shaft 71- rotatable in lugs 72- upon rod 18 and carrying a like fixed lever73 and elevating planes 74. These planes are rintended vto elevate or lowerthe course of the" machine. y i

Fixed tooppo'site ends of the rod 18L1nid way their lengths areoblong vertical frames 77 and 78. In the forward part of the' front frame 77 are pivotally mounted in axial alinement one above the other wings, vanes or'blades 79, 80, and' 81. Similar members 83,84, and are likewise mounted in the framev -The pivotal connections of these blades may be of any preferred construction, but in the present instance these-connections, `which are similar in both frames,

Y, rare shown in Fig. 6. Inter'spaced lugs 86 lpon the front member ofthe frame form bearings for the ends of independent pintles 8.8,V 89, and to which'.i are iXedt-he wings 79, 80, and 8l. To the respective pintles are vers 91,;92, and` 93. Similar levers 94, 95, andv 96 are tiXed to the pintles of wings 83, 84,'and 85).v lThe central blades80 and 81v are rudders and are intended to determine equililariinri of the machine. One o f the debe omitted but better vresults 'are attained by andelevatin planes,and their connecti yns, willv now be described. Reference beinffhad particularly to F ig. .5. Projecting ownwardly. from an intermediate portion'of the rod 18 is a'pn or rod 99`upon-whichare pivoted atl their centersf thre'earlns or levers 100, `101, 102. Also fixed upon opposite sides of-the rod 18 at the rear of the rod 99 are two eyes or guides 1'03. Upon the floor 12 of vthe frame are standards 105 support;v ing bearings 107'- in which is journaled a shaft 109 disposed lengthwise of the frame its length an arm or lever 110, and to whose 'rear end is fixed a vertical yoke 111in whose ends arepivoted trunnions 113 upon a sleeve 114 in which is journaled a handle bar 115 vhaving handles 1'16`. The "last -described sal joint.- A vertical arm'r18 is fixed at vits central point upon thebr 115.

. Referring to Figs-13 to 16 inclusive it will be observed that thearrnsl 91, and 94 are connectedat theirends by cords or wires arms 92, 101, and 95 by wires 121 which are crossed between arms 101 and 95; arms 93,100 and'96 by wires, 122 which 'are crossed between the arms 93 and 100 as well as between arms'lOO and 96 giiarms 67,102 andj73 bycords 123 whichare crossed between the arms 102 and 73. By virtue of the above described connections it will be noted that a ing blades 79 and`83 in the same lateral di rection, andfat the same time moves the blades 81 and 85'together in a lateral direction opposite to the direction of blades 79 and 83, vas shown-in Fig. 5; The vibration o f the arm 101-moves therudderblades 80 and 84 in a lateraldirection opposite each other; and the arm 102 moves' the elevating planes 68 and 74 to opposite vertical inclinations. f y' with the operating device or mechanism thus. Cords,- wires, rods (5rflexible members 125 connect the endsgof arms 100 and 1,10

side of the center orendsfof the handle bar The mechanism for controlling the vanesl and to whose. forward end is xed midway parts will be observed' to constitute 'a univer` The arms 100, 101, and 102 are connected4 fixed at their centers horizontal arms or le the direction of the machine, while the up-A per and lower blades 79, 81, and 83, 85 are.V

intended for balancing'or maintaining thefiay scribedfraifrie's 'and itscontained wingsmay vibration of the' arm 100 moves the balanc- `through 'the guides"103.-fSimilar members i. 126 connect the ends of arms 101 with each` 115. The ends of the arms 102 and 1.18

also connected by similar members 127.

. From the above description itvwill be seen that if the machine tilts or.V dips to the right, the operator b'y elevating the right end of the handle bar will turn the upper balancing `blades 7 9, 83 tothe right., and the lower balancing blades l81 and 85 to the left, into thev The elevating lplanes 68 and 74 control the.

vertical inclination rof the machine. It .the

' latter is falling and lit. is desired tobring the machine toa vhorizontal position the operator pulls upwardly simultaneously both handles 116l which rotatesv the handle bar and its arm 118 thus elevatin the forward edges of' the planes' 68 and. epressing the forward edges of the planes74. The entire cont-rol of 'the machine is thus assured by simple and instinctive motions of the operator and without the removal of the hands i from the handles 116.l

A purpose of this invention is to maire the machine readily convertible into a bipl'ane .when desired. The latter arrangement is shown in Fig. 12. To effect vthis change the rods 32 and the angular brace 31 are removed and discarded. The sections 57 of therear plane'54 are removed and attachedv to the pins 51 land .52 in the lower part of the machine frame. Thisfchange is possible by virtue of the described pin connections 45 and 47. In 4order to bring the upper and lower main planes into vertical alinement the tubular rods 33 and 34 are removed from the projections 37 and engaged with the projec tions 42 by means of the described pin and slot connections 40 and 35.

i The angular inclination of the propeller shaft 22 in an upward direction toward its rear tends to depress the rear 4of the machine and thus assists in Aelevating the forward end of the inachine which is particularly advanta'geous in the initial raising of the machine.

adapted to swing laterally, and means upon the frame for .swinging the blades, blades between said balancing blades, and v1 ratory means for causing said interme iate blades .to serve as rudders 2. In a flying machine, the combination with the supportingl Aframe and main plane, of' balancing blades pivotally mounted in the frame one above the other, blades be-V tween said b'alanc'ing `bladesand vibratory connections .controlled from Y the frame whereby said blades may be laterally dis.

tended 'in opposite directions."

3. In a flying ..1nachine, the combination with the frame and main plane, ofupright.

.balancing .bladespivotally mounted upon the frame in vertical alinement. with each other and at substantially right angles to the. I

-fmain plane, a rudder blade upon the frame between the balancing blades, Vvibratory vmeans for actuating said rudder blades, and

means upon the frame for laterally distendthe'. rudder blade. 4. In a .flying machine, the'combmation withl the frame and main plane, of a plu- -rality of vertical balancing blades pivotally vnio-unted up'on the frame one above the inv the balancing blades independently of other and. at substantially right angles to the main pla-11e, meansin tlie'fralne for swinging one balancing blade in'one direction, and means actua-ted by thefirst mentioned means for sinniltaneously swinging another balancing blade in another direction, a rudder blade intermediate said balancing blades and in the same frame. l

5. In a flying machine, the combination with the supporting frame and main plane, of vertically disposed balancing blades, pint-les in the frame one abovethe other to which the blades are tixed,.means to turnthe pint-les to vary the angles of present-ation of' the blades, and a rudder blade upon the frame intermediate the balancing blades and vibratory means for actuating said rudder blades independent ,of the` balancing blades.

6. In a iying machine, the vcombination with the main frame of auxiliary frames upon the vfront and rear of said frame, balancing blades pivotally mounted one above the otherin cach auxiliary frame, a rudder blade plvotall-y mounted, n1 eachframe 1nteruiediate the balancing blades, -a plane.

mounted on the main frame, and vibratory connections controlled from the main frame' `mounted in the auxiliary frames above therudder blades, balancing blades p ivotally mounted inthe auxiliary frames .below the rudder blades, and means controlled from` the mainframe for swinging the ,upper bal- 5 anc-lng blades 1n-one dlrection and the lower balancing `blades 1n another direction.

8. Ina .flying-:machina the combination with the supporting frame and main plane,

of avverticul rudder' blade and vertical balancing blades' pivotally' mounted in the forward end ofthe ;trame, horizontal elevating planes pivotally mountedin the frame adja-Y cent the bladea'a universally movable handle'bar in the frame,andr1ndependent connections between the handle bar 'and the balnncing blades, the rudder, and the elevatingv planes whereby all of-said Darts may be op-j' erated from the said handle bar.

9. In a. flying machine, the combination with the supporting frame and main plane of a rudder blade, and balancing blades arf.

ranged in vert-ical alinement and at substantially right angles to the main'plane, horrzontally disposed elevating planes adjacent z5 the blades, pintles upon which the rudder ing planes are mounted, arms upon pin# tle, two arm levers pivotallyfmountedfin thel frame, members connecting the fendsjof the pintle armstojthe ends-of the levers, a uni-V versally movablef handle bar` in the frame,

and connections betweenthe handle ibars and the ends of the'levers' 10. InlV afflyngi'mac h vcombination '35 witha sul)'portingframe',` andina-in plane, of a standard uponth'el rame, a rod journaledin? the 'standard,-a, fh bar, a universal joint. connectiol'nbetwjeen the rod and bar, an a'rmfupon. thej'rod,-balancing blades piv- 40 otallyf-mounted in 'th e frame provided with lateral arms, afleve'r on the frame, members connectlng the ,1 lever. and the blade-arms, .and-members connecting said lever with the In a 'flying"m achine, the combination ha supporting frame and a-mam plane,'of

standard upon the frame, a rod journaled in lthe, standard, a handle bar, a universal `joint connection between the rod and bar,

750'" an arm lupon the rod,` an upper and lower.

balancing blade pivotally mounted on each 'end 'of the frame, lateral arms upon the blades, a leveron the frame, uncrossed mem- -bers connecting the lever with the arms of both upper blades, crossed members connectingIthe-arms. of the'lower blades to said lever, and members connecting thev ends of 'said lever with the end s of the arm upon the rod.

1'2. In a flying machine, the combination;

blade, the balancing blades,.and theelevat# balancing blade pivotally mounted on each end of the frame, a rudder blade upon each end of the frame, lateral arms upon all the blades, levers pivotall mounted upon an intermediate portion o the frame, uncrossed members connecting one lever with the arms Vof both upper blades', crossed members connecting the same lever with the arms of thev lower blades, vuncrossed members connecting the second'arin with the arms of one rudder 75 blade, crossed members connecting the second arm with the arms of the other rudder blade, members connecting the ends ofthe first lever withY the ends of the arm upon the rod, and membersconnecting the ends of '8 0 thesecond lever bo opposite the center upon the handle bar. v

13, In a flying-machine, the combination witlifa supporting frame and a main plane, of a s nda'rd. upon theframe, a rod jour- 85 naled in the standard, a handle bar, a universal joint' connection between, the rod and bar, an arm 4'upon' the rod, an arm upon the handle bar, an upper and lower .balancing blade pivotally mountedon each end of the 90 frame, a rudder blade upon each end o f tbe, frame, lateralarms upon all the blades,

shafts rotatably mounted'adjacent both ends".Vv

-of the frame, elevating'planes fixed to the shafts,.arn 1s fixed. tothe shafts, three levers 95 ivotally mountedupon a n intermediate f'portion of the "framal uncro'ssed members connecting thevfrsfleverlwith the' arms' of both n pper blades, crossed members connecting uicv first lever with the arms of the lower blades, uncrossed members connecting the second arm with the arms of one rudder blade, vcrossed. members connectingthe second arm with the arms of the other rudder blade, uncr'ossed members connecting the 105 third lever with the arms of one rotatable shaft, crossed membersconnecting the third lever .with the arms of the .otherrotatablc shaft, members connecting the, `ends of the first leverwitli the'ends of the V'upon the 1'10 rod, members connecting the ends of-'thesec-V ond lever to different points upon thehand'le bar, and members connecting the ends of theV third lever to 'the arm`upon the handle bar.

14. vIn a flying machine, the combination 115 of a frame comprising upper Vand lower longitudinal bars, lugs upon both bars, lat- 'eral pins in the lugs, main planes each comprising two sections, each section bein'gproe. vided with marginal cavities adapted tore- 12o ceive thepins.

15. Ina flying machine, the combination offa frame comprising upper and lower longitudinal bars and uprights connectingf the bars, van angular brace resting upon the 1254 upper bar and detachable therefrom, a plane mounted transversely of the frame, mea-ns upon the' upper bar for engaging the rear, margin ofthe plane, means upon thelbrace2 for engaging the forward margin x'of thev 1,30

rod providedyfwith lateral pins.`

16. In a Vflying machine the combination of a frame comprising an axial bar triangular braces fixed to the upper bar a horizontal brace connecting the apexes of the triangular braces7 transverselyA disposed planes connected at their rear margins to the upper bar, and at their forward margins connected to the triangular braces, and stays connecting the margins of the'planes with the braces.

17. 'In a flying machine, the combination of a frame comprising upper and lower longitudinal bars,y uprights connecting the" bars, inclined projectionsupon the upperA bar, lugs upon the lower bar, laterally pr0 jecting pins in the lugs, a triangular brace 'comprising tubular rods inclosing the Sprojections, pins loosely traversing the tubular' rods and the projections, a lug upon the lower portion of tubular rod7 a second lug upon the'upper bar adjacent the second tubular" rod, transversely disposed pins fixed in both the latter lugs and projecting laterally therefrom.

-' In testimony whereof 'I have affixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

\ SYDNEY BORMAN.

Witnesses:

WALTER Louis FROST. 

